{"id":30860,"date":"2025-11-04T15:18:44","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/?p=30860"},"modified":"2025-11-04T15:18:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:18:44","slug":"backlash-planetary-gearbox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/en\/gearboxes\/backlash-planetary-gearbox","title":{"rendered":"What is backlash in a planetary gearbox?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In industrial drives, accuracy is crucial. One of the most important parameters influencing a system&#8217;s positioning accuracy is backlash\u2014also known as torsional backlash. In this article, we explain exactly what backlash means in an Apex Dynamics planetary gearbox, how it&#8217;s measured, and why it&#8217;s so important in high-end applications.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>What is backlash?<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-30040 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Verdraaispeling-300x180.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Verdraaispeling-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Verdraaispeling-600x360.png 600w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Verdraaispeling-150x90.png 150w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Verdraaispeling.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Backlash is the <strong>tooth flank play<\/strong>\u00a0in a transmission when the input shaft changes direction and the output shaft does not yet move with it. It results from small gaps between the teeth of the gear mechanism.<\/p>\n<p>In a planetary gearbox, this manifests as minimal but measurable rotational backlash on the output side when the input side is stationary or just changes direction.<\/p>\n<p>Backlash is expressed in arcminutes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1 degree = 60 arcminutes<\/li>\n<li>1 arcminute = 60 arcseconds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How much is 1 arc minute in practice?<\/h2>\n<p>Although an arcminute is a small unit, the impact on an application can be significant, especially with long distances or large arms in robotics or positioning systems.<\/p>\n<p><em>Example: play at 10 meters:<br \/>\n<\/em>The deviation caused by 1 arc minute at an arm&#8217;s length of 10 meters can be calculated as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Circumference (arc length) = angle (in radians) \u00d7 radius<\/li>\n<li>1 arc minute = (1 \/ 60)\u00b0 = (\u03c0 \/ 10800) rad \u2248 0.000290888 rad<\/li>\n<li>Backlash = 0.000290888 \u00d7 10,000 mm \u2248 <strong>2.91 mm<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>So 1 arc minute of backlash results in almost 3 mm deviation at 10 meters distance.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At higher backlash (for example 5 arc minutes) this quickly becomes 15 mm.<\/p>\n<h2>Typical tbacklash at Apex Dynamics<\/h2>\n<p>Apex Dynamics levert planetaire tandwielkasten in verschillende nauwkeurigheidsklassen, waarbij de verdraaispeling per serie verschilt:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-8547 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/AP090-interieur-286x250.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/AP090-interieur-286x250.jpg 286w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/AP090-interieur-571x500.jpg 571w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/AP090-interieur-143x125.jpg 143w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/AP090-interieur.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"120\"><strong>Series<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"130\"><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"214\"><strong>Backlash (typical)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"120\">PII<\/td>\n<td width=\"130\">Economy-series<\/td>\n<td width=\"214\">&lt; 8~12 arcmin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"120\">AB \/ AF \/AD<\/td>\n<td width=\"130\">High Precision<\/td>\n<td width=\"214\">&lt; 3~7 arcmin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"120\">AH \/ AP<\/td>\n<td width=\"130\">Premium-series<\/td>\n<td width=\"214\">&lt; 1~2 arcmin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>These values \u200b\u200bwere measured at 2% of rated output torque and a single-stage transmission. With multiple stages or higher ratios, the backlash may increase slightly.<\/p>\n<h2>Why is backlash important?<\/h2>\n<p>In many applications, a small amount of backlash is essential for accurate operation. Below are some applications where this is critical:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-30854\" src=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-Robot-333x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-Robot-333x500.jpg 333w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-Robot-167x250.jpg 167w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-Robot-83x125.jpg 83w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-Robot.jpg 533w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Robotica and cobots<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In a robotic arm, backlash can cause inaccurate tool positioning at the end. A small amount of axial play results in a large deviation at the end of the arm. This can be problematic for tasks like pick-and-place, welding, or assembly.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> CNC-machines<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In milling or engraving machines, backlash partly determines repeatability and surface quality. Backlash causes deviations during rotational direction changes (e.g., when following contours), leading to inaccurate machining.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Measuring equipment and vision systems<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In applications like laser scanners or positioning systems with optical feedback, any deviation is noticeable. Especially when measuring over longer distances, even 1 arc minute becomes relevant.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Packaging technology<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Fast, repetitive, high-precision movements require a backlash-free drive to prevent wear, misalignment, or downtime.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> 3D-printers and additive manufacturing<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Precision at each layer determines the final quality of the object. Any tolerances here lead to inaccurate layers or exceeding tolerances.<\/p>\n<h2>How to limit backlash?<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-30864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-3D-printer-licht-333x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-3D-printer-licht-333x500.jpg 333w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-3D-printer-licht-167x250.jpg 167w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-3D-printer-licht-83x125.jpg 83w, https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Industrie-3D-printer-licht.jpg 533w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>At Apex Dynamics, backlash is minimized in several ways:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Precision Gear Manufacturing<\/strong><br \/>\nGrinding, hardening, and precision machining ensure minimal tolerances between tooth flanks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use of bevel gears or helical gears<\/strong><br \/>\nThese ensure smooth, precise transmissions with reduced backlash.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Selecting the Correct Gear Ratio<\/strong><br \/>\nLower ratios generally have less cumulative backlash than higher ones.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Production Control and Individual Measurements<\/strong><br \/>\nApex Dynamics checks all A-series gearboxes for backlash.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>How to choose the right gearbox based on backlash?<\/h2>\n<p>When selecting a gearbox, it&#8217;s important to consider not only torque and speed, but also backlash. Some questions to ask:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the distance between the motor and the end application?<\/li>\n<li>Is precision more important than cost?<\/li>\n<li>Are there rapid direction changes?<\/li>\n<li>Is absolute or repeatable accuracy required?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In pick-and-place robots, for example, repeatability is crucial; a tolerance of 1 arc minute can be excessive.<\/p>\n<p>In positioning applications with high repeatability, the choice of an Apex Dynamics premium series is often justified.<\/p>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>Backlash is a subtle but important parameter that affects the accuracy and performance of mechanical drives. In applications requiring positioning precision, even 1 arc minute can make a noticeable difference.<\/p>\n<p>Apex Dynamics offers a wide range of planetary gearboxes with backlashes starting from less than 1 arc minute. A suitable solution is available for every application, from simple packaging machines to high-end cobots.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/en\/contact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact<\/a> our specialists or use the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/en\/design-tool\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Design Tool<\/a> for a direct selection based on your specifications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In industrial drives, accuracy is crucial. One of the most important parameters influencing a system&#8217;s positioning accuracy is backlash\u2014also known as torsional backlash. In this article, we explain exactly what backlash means in an Apex Dynamics planetary gearbox, how it&#8217;s measured, and why it&#8217;s so important in high-end applications. What is backlash? Backlash is the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":30040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gearboxes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is backlash in a planetary gearbox?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover what backlash is in Apex Dynamics planetary gearboxes, how it is measured, and why precision is essential.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apexdyna.nl\/en\/gearboxes\/backlash-planetary-gearbox\" \/>\n<meta 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